A thalassemia panel is a diagnostic test used to assess and diagnose thalassemia, a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Thalassemia can result in anemia, fatigue, weakness, and other complications due to the inadequate production of healthy red blood cells. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for optimizing outcomes and improving quality of life for individuals with thalassemia.